Gastric Disorders and Stress Levels
Acid reflux, or GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease), is common among Indonesians. Often underestimated, this illness can lead to complications if left untreated. Learn how GERD occurs, its triggers, and how to manage it.
The term "acid reflux" is likely familiar. This condition is commonly linked to poor dietary habits, such as skipping meals or frequently eating spicy food.
Chronic acid reflux is known as GERD, which occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus—the tube connecting the mouth to the stomach.
GERD is a frequently reported condition. According to the Ministry of Health, gastrointestinal-related diseases rank among Indonesia's top ten most common conditions.
A 2009 Digestive Endoscopy journal reported that GERD was a leading reason for outpatient visits to healthcare facilities, alongside other gastrointestinal conditions like diarrhea and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
Causes of Acid Reflux
When swallowing, the valve at the lower end of the esophagus opens typically to allow food into the stomach, then closes tightly to prevent food and acid from rising.
In people with GERD, this valve becomes weakened or dysfunctional, allowing stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus. Repeated exposure to acid can irritate and inflame the esophageal lining.
The severity of GERD depends on the condition of the valve, and the type and volume of fluid that refluxes.
Common Symptoms of GERD
- A burning sensation in the chest (heartburn), usually after eating or at night
- Pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen
- Difficulty swallowing
- Nausea and vomiting
- Regurgitation of food or sour/bitter-tasting fluid
- Persistent coughing or shortness of breath